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An electronic keyboard, or digital keyboard, is an electronic or digital instrument. It shares many of the same features of other electronic instruments, but unlike them, a keyboard tends to be a simpler, less-feature-laden, and less expensive instrument. Keyboards are typicaly used by beginner to mid-level amateurs and students, rather than profesional musicians. Electroni keyboards were most popular in the 1980's and are closely related to 1980's pop and New Wave music.

The major components of an electronic keyboard are:

• Musical Keyboard: the plastic white and black piano-style keys which the player presses, thus connecting the switches, which triggers the electronic note or other sound. Most keyboards use the keyboard matrix circuit to reduce the amount of wiring that is needed.
• User Interface Software: a program, usualy embedded in a computer chip, which handles user interaction with control keys and menus, which allows the user to select tones (e.g; piano, organ, flute, ect), effects (reverb, echo, sustain), and other features (e.g; transposition, electronic drum machine, ect).
• Rythem and Chord Generator: a software program which produces rythems and chords by the means of MIDI electronic commands.
• Sound Generator: an electronic sound module, typically contained within an integrated circuit or chip, which is capable of accepting MIDI commands and producing sounds.
• Amplifier and Speaker: a low-powered audio amplifier and a small speaker that amplify the sounds so that the listener can hear them.

Source: wikipedia.org
Photo credit: allmusicequipments.blogspot.com